Simplifying Ratiometric C-SNARF-1 pH Calibration Procedures with a Simple Post-Processing
Rutjapan Kateklum,
Bernard Gauthier-Manuel,
Christian Pieralli,
Samlee Mankhetkorn,
Bruno Wacogne
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2017
Pages:
36-43
Received:
23 February 2017
Accepted:
21 March 2017
Published:
14 April 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijpp.20170102.11
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Abstract: A simple and easy to implement numerical method is proposed in order to considerably simplify the experimental calibration procedure of C-SNARF-1 indicator used for ratiometric pH sensing. Usually, calibration is based on the measurement of fluorescence spectra using perfectly calibrated equipment at extreme pH values. The calibration solutions must be extremely well controlled in terms of indicator concentration and path length. Also, the optical equipment used must be well controlled and excitation energy as well as fluorescence collection efficiency must be perfectly constant over the whole calibration procedure. The method we propose is based on the fact that the emission fluorescence energy does not only depend on pH but also on the excitation wavelength. In this paper, we propose a model describing the evolution of the emitted energy as a function of pH and excitation wavelength. We show that the emitted energy evolves linearly with pH and we express this linear evolution as a function of the excitation wavelength. We also show the evolution of the isosbestic (or isoemitting) point as a function of the excitation wavelength. Knowing the linear dependence of the emitted energy as a function of excitation wavelength allows post-processing calibration spectra obtained with basic optical equipment where the excitation energy, fluorescence collection efficiency, indicator concentration and path length can vary over the calibration session. Because the calibration procedure becomes independent of the above mentioned parameters, the post-processing we propose considerably simplify indicators calibration. This method can easily be transposed, not only to other ratiometric pH indicators, but also to ion sensing fluorescent indicators exhibiting dual emission peaks.
Abstract: A simple and easy to implement numerical method is proposed in order to considerably simplify the experimental calibration procedure of C-SNARF-1 indicator used for ratiometric pH sensing. Usually, calibration is based on the measurement of fluorescence spectra using perfectly calibrated equipment at extreme pH values. The calibration solutions mus...
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Effects of Intra-Row Spacing on Vegetative Growth Performance of Potato (Solanumtuberosum L) at Wolkite University, Ethiopia
Kifle Zerga,
Beza Getu,
Kedija Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2017
Pages:
44-48
Received:
29 June 2017
Accepted:
18 July 2017
Published:
15 August 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijpp.20170102.12
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Abstract: An experiment was conducted on the effects of the intra-row spacing on the yield and yield components of potato cultivars in Wolkite University College of agriculture and natural resource. The treatments include three intra-row spacing (20 cm, 30 cm and 40, 50 cm). The treatments were arranged in the randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times. Data was collected on number of leaves per plant, number of stem, leaf length, above ground fresh weight. Analysis of variance for all considered parameters (Leaf length, Number of Branches per plant, Number of Stem per plant, Number of leaf per plant, Plant height, above ground fresh weight). Among the studied characters leaf length, number of leaf per plant and above ground fresh weight were statistically different (p<0.05). However number of branches per plant, number of stem per plant and plant height were not statistically different. Cultivar Gudenie at 50 cm was shown significantly higher leaf length, number of leaf per plant and above ground fresh weight. Generally there was no significant effect number of branches per plant, number of stem per plant and plant height of the cultivar. Finally, it is better to study the effects of the spacing between plants with cultivars on yield to recommend the spacing in the study area. In addition to that since the best results were shown with 50 cm between plants, it is better to study more wider spacing along with economic analysis and objective stated. This is a short term strategy; therefore, the study should be repeated over year. In order to address the significance of all the studied characters and to recommend the appropriate intra-row spacing for the studied area.
Abstract: An experiment was conducted on the effects of the intra-row spacing on the yield and yield components of potato cultivars in Wolkite University College of agriculture and natural resource. The treatments include three intra-row spacing (20 cm, 30 cm and 40, 50 cm). The treatments were arranged in the randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicat...
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Improved Agriculture: A Mechanism to Attaining Food Security in Nigeria
Ibrahim Muhammad Shamsuddin,
Sadiq Abdurrahman Abubakar Shawai,
Ibrahim Aminu,
Sani Shmasuddeen,
Sabo Ado Abdullahi
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2017
Pages:
49-56
Received:
17 June 2017
Accepted:
5 July 2017
Published:
16 August 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijpp.20170102.13
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Abstract: Food is one of the most basic needs necessary for human survival and is achieved through qualitative feeding practices. Achieving food security in its totality continues to be a challenge not only to the developing nations, but also to the developed world. Nigeria is becoming more dependent on external sources to feed her citizens epitomized in the level of importation of foreign food items into the nation. Poverty, in conjunction with inadequate state action mitigating the effects of poverty, is the primary cause of hunger and food insecurity. How the nation could extricate itself from food insecurity was suggested as the improvement of agricultural practices. Nigeria possesses the capacity to be food secured if the enabling environment is created for the peasant farmers to operate in their farming activities through the following strategies via rural development, easy access to basic farm inputs, adequate budgetary allocations, appropriate policies for food sub-sector, political stability, reduction in poverty rural level and peasant farmers education and raising of embargo on food produce that the nation has comparative advantages to produce and introduction of post-harvest storing techniques that will minimize wastages that have hitherto, exacerbated food security in the country.
Abstract: Food is one of the most basic needs necessary for human survival and is achieved through qualitative feeding practices. Achieving food security in its totality continues to be a challenge not only to the developing nations, but also to the developed world. Nigeria is becoming more dependent on external sources to feed her citizens epitomized in the...
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