Factors Enhancing Selective Alcohol-to-Aldehyde Conversion via Heterogeneous Photocatalysts Using Oxygen

Nosaibeh Nosrati-Ghods; Eric Van Steen

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijpp.20240701.11

Review Article |

| Peer-Reviewed

Factors Enhancing Selective Alcohol-to-Aldehyde Conversion via Heterogeneous Photocatalysts Using Oxygen

Nosaibeh Nosrati-Ghods^*

, Eric Van Steen

Published in International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology (Volume 7, Issue 1)

Received: 28 September 2024 Accepted: 28 October 2024 Published: 22 November 2024

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Abstract

Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a progressive oxidation technique. An alluring process for synthesizing organic compounds is the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde, a valuable intermediate in various chemical syntheses. This transformation not only showcases the efficiency of photocatalytic processes but also highlights the significance of optimizing reaction conditions and catalyst characteristics to enhance reaction rates. This paper reviewed the influence of various operating and morphological variables (e.g., solvent, temperature, and light intensity) on the reaction rate. The solvothermal synthesis of TiO₂ significantly impacted the rate constant, and photo-deposition was a viable alternative when both catalyst and support were available. Among crystalline TiO₂ nanostructures (e.g., nanowires, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanosheets, and hollow nanospheres), the hollow structure nanosphere enhanced photo-catalytic activity. Increasing light intensity and temperature enhanced the reaction rate. Higher light intensity and temperature caused better rate constant. Among reviewed catalysts, C-ZnInS₄, ZnInS₄, Pt-TiO₂, RuO₂/TiO₂NB, 0.95Ru/3DOM BiVO₄-Ar-300, Pt/Bi₂MoO₆-glycerol, Ni-OTiO₂, W₁₀O⁴⁻₃₂, WO₃(7.6)/TiO₂, TiO_1.966N_0.034and Bi₂WO₆with the rate constant of 75.0, 53.75, 57, 46.0, 38.0, 34.0, 33.25, 29.6, 28.0, 27.0 and 22.25 g_cat^-1 h^-1 respectively were selected as a suitable catalyst for alcohols oxidation to aldehyde. Notably, TiO_1.966N_0.034and ZnIn₂S₄ achieved 100% conversion in 4 and 2 hours, respectively, with a high selectivity of >99%, demonstrating excellent photocatalytic activity.

Published in	International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijpp.20240701.11
Page(s)	1-17
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Alcohol, Aldehyde, Oxidation, Photo-oxidation, Semiconductor, TiO₂

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Nosrati-Ghods, N., Steen, E. V. (2024). Factors Enhancing Selective Alcohol-to-Aldehyde Conversion via Heterogeneous Photocatalysts Using Oxygen. International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, 7(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20240701.11

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Nosrati-Ghods, N.; Steen, E. V. Factors Enhancing Selective Alcohol-to-Aldehyde Conversion via Heterogeneous Photocatalysts Using Oxygen. Int. J. Photochem. Photobiol. 2024, 7(1), 1-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpp.20240701.11

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Nosrati-Ghods N, Steen EV. Factors Enhancing Selective Alcohol-to-Aldehyde Conversion via Heterogeneous Photocatalysts Using Oxygen. Int J Photochem Photobiol. 2024;7(1):1-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpp.20240701.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijpp.20240701.11,
  author = {Nosaibeh Nosrati-Ghods and Eric Van Steen},
  title = {Factors Enhancing Selective Alcohol-to-Aldehyde Conversion via Heterogeneous Photocatalysts Using Oxygen
},
  journal = {International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpp.20240701.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20240701.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpp.20240701.11},
  abstract = {Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a progressive oxidation technique. An alluring process for synthesizing organic compounds is the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde, a valuable intermediate in various chemical syntheses. This transformation not only showcases the efficiency of photocatalytic processes but also highlights the significance of optimizing reaction conditions and catalyst characteristics to enhance reaction rates. This paper reviewed the influence of various operating and morphological variables (e.g., solvent, temperature, and light intensity) on the reaction rate. The solvothermal synthesis of TiO2 significantly impacted the rate constant, and photo-deposition was a viable alternative when both catalyst and support were available. Among crystalline TiO2 nanostructures (e.g., nanowires, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanosheets, and hollow nanospheres), the hollow structure nanosphere enhanced photo-catalytic activity. Increasing light intensity and temperature enhanced the reaction rate. Higher light intensity and temperature caused better rate constant. Among reviewed catalysts, C-ZnInS4, ZnInS4, Pt-TiO2, RuO2/TiO2NB, 0.95Ru/3DOM BiVO4-Ar-300, Pt/Bi2MoO6-glycerol, Ni-OTiO2, W10O4−32, WO3(7.6)/TiO2, TiO1.966N0.034 and Bi2WO6 with the rate constant of 75.0, 53.75, 57, 46.0, 38.0, 34.0, 33.25, 29.6, 28.0, 27.0 and 22.25 gcat-1 h-1 respectively were selected as a suitable catalyst for alcohols oxidation to aldehyde. Notably, TiO1.966N0.034 and ZnIn2S4 achieved 100% conversion in 4 and 2 hours, respectively, with a high selectivity of >99%, demonstrating excellent photocatalytic activity.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Factors Enhancing Selective Alcohol-to-Aldehyde Conversion via Heterogeneous Photocatalysts Using Oxygen

AU  - Nosaibeh Nosrati-Ghods
AU  - Eric Van Steen
Y1  - 2024/11/22
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20240701.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpp.20240701.11
T2  - International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
JF  - International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
JO  - International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-429X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20240701.11
AB  - Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a progressive oxidation technique. An alluring process for synthesizing organic compounds is the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde, a valuable intermediate in various chemical syntheses. This transformation not only showcases the efficiency of photocatalytic processes but also highlights the significance of optimizing reaction conditions and catalyst characteristics to enhance reaction rates. This paper reviewed the influence of various operating and morphological variables (e.g., solvent, temperature, and light intensity) on the reaction rate. The solvothermal synthesis of TiO2 significantly impacted the rate constant, and photo-deposition was a viable alternative when both catalyst and support were available. Among crystalline TiO2 nanostructures (e.g., nanowires, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanosheets, and hollow nanospheres), the hollow structure nanosphere enhanced photo-catalytic activity. Increasing light intensity and temperature enhanced the reaction rate. Higher light intensity and temperature caused better rate constant. Among reviewed catalysts, C-ZnInS4, ZnInS4, Pt-TiO2, RuO2/TiO2NB, 0.95Ru/3DOM BiVO4-Ar-300, Pt/Bi2MoO6-glycerol, Ni-OTiO2, W10O4−32, WO3(7.6)/TiO2, TiO1.966N0.034 and Bi2WO6 with the rate constant of 75.0, 53.75, 57, 46.0, 38.0, 34.0, 33.25, 29.6, 28.0, 27.0 and 22.25 gcat-1 h-1 respectively were selected as a suitable catalyst for alcohols oxidation to aldehyde. Notably, TiO1.966N0.034 and ZnIn2S4 achieved 100% conversion in 4 and 2 hours, respectively, with a high selectivity of >99%, demonstrating excellent photocatalytic activity.

VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Nosaibeh Nosrati-Ghods

Catalysis Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

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http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7689-6646
Eric Van Steen

Catalysis Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

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http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-8522

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Nosrati-Ghods, N., Steen, E. V. (2024). Factors Enhancing Selective Alcohol-to-Aldehyde Conversion via Heterogeneous Photocatalysts Using Oxygen. International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, 7(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20240701.11

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ACS Style

Nosrati-Ghods, N.; Steen, E. V. Factors Enhancing Selective Alcohol-to-Aldehyde Conversion via Heterogeneous Photocatalysts Using Oxygen. Int. J. Photochem. Photobiol. 2024, 7(1), 1-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpp.20240701.11

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AMA Style

Nosrati-Ghods N, Steen EV. Factors Enhancing Selective Alcohol-to-Aldehyde Conversion via Heterogeneous Photocatalysts Using Oxygen. Int J Photochem Photobiol. 2024;7(1):1-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpp.20240701.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijpp.20240701.11,
  author = {Nosaibeh Nosrati-Ghods and Eric Van Steen},
  title = {Factors Enhancing Selective Alcohol-to-Aldehyde Conversion via Heterogeneous Photocatalysts Using Oxygen
},
  journal = {International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpp.20240701.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20240701.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpp.20240701.11},
  abstract = {Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a progressive oxidation technique. An alluring process for synthesizing organic compounds is the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde, a valuable intermediate in various chemical syntheses. This transformation not only showcases the efficiency of photocatalytic processes but also highlights the significance of optimizing reaction conditions and catalyst characteristics to enhance reaction rates. This paper reviewed the influence of various operating and morphological variables (e.g., solvent, temperature, and light intensity) on the reaction rate. The solvothermal synthesis of TiO2 significantly impacted the rate constant, and photo-deposition was a viable alternative when both catalyst and support were available. Among crystalline TiO2 nanostructures (e.g., nanowires, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanosheets, and hollow nanospheres), the hollow structure nanosphere enhanced photo-catalytic activity. Increasing light intensity and temperature enhanced the reaction rate. Higher light intensity and temperature caused better rate constant. Among reviewed catalysts, C-ZnInS4, ZnInS4, Pt-TiO2, RuO2/TiO2NB, 0.95Ru/3DOM BiVO4-Ar-300, Pt/Bi2MoO6-glycerol, Ni-OTiO2, W10O4−32, WO3(7.6)/TiO2, TiO1.966N0.034 and Bi2WO6 with the rate constant of 75.0, 53.75, 57, 46.0, 38.0, 34.0, 33.25, 29.6, 28.0, 27.0 and 22.25 gcat-1 h-1 respectively were selected as a suitable catalyst for alcohols oxidation to aldehyde. Notably, TiO1.966N0.034 and ZnIn2S4 achieved 100% conversion in 4 and 2 hours, respectively, with a high selectivity of >99%, demonstrating excellent photocatalytic activity.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Factors Enhancing Selective Alcohol-to-Aldehyde Conversion via Heterogeneous Photocatalysts Using Oxygen

AU  - Nosaibeh Nosrati-Ghods
AU  - Eric Van Steen
Y1  - 2024/11/22
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20240701.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpp.20240701.11
T2  - International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
JF  - International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
JO  - International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-429X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20240701.11
AB  - Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a progressive oxidation technique. An alluring process for synthesizing organic compounds is the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde, a valuable intermediate in various chemical syntheses. This transformation not only showcases the efficiency of photocatalytic processes but also highlights the significance of optimizing reaction conditions and catalyst characteristics to enhance reaction rates. This paper reviewed the influence of various operating and morphological variables (e.g., solvent, temperature, and light intensity) on the reaction rate. The solvothermal synthesis of TiO2 significantly impacted the rate constant, and photo-deposition was a viable alternative when both catalyst and support were available. Among crystalline TiO2 nanostructures (e.g., nanowires, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanosheets, and hollow nanospheres), the hollow structure nanosphere enhanced photo-catalytic activity. Increasing light intensity and temperature enhanced the reaction rate. Higher light intensity and temperature caused better rate constant. Among reviewed catalysts, C-ZnInS4, ZnInS4, Pt-TiO2, RuO2/TiO2NB, 0.95Ru/3DOM BiVO4-Ar-300, Pt/Bi2MoO6-glycerol, Ni-OTiO2, W10O4−32, WO3(7.6)/TiO2, TiO1.966N0.034 and Bi2WO6 with the rate constant of 75.0, 53.75, 57, 46.0, 38.0, 34.0, 33.25, 29.6, 28.0, 27.0 and 22.25 gcat-1 h-1 respectively were selected as a suitable catalyst for alcohols oxidation to aldehyde. Notably, TiO1.966N0.034 and ZnIn2S4 achieved 100% conversion in 4 and 2 hours, respectively, with a high selectivity of >99%, demonstrating excellent photocatalytic activity.

VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

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